What is in each sachet, and why it is there

In 24 dogs, an oral-health postbiotic was associated with lower breath sulfur compounds over 14 days.

The ingredient supplier funded the study.

A second 14-day study in 24 dogs found lower breath sulfur compounds than placebo at a 150 mg daily dose.

The perceived-odor score difference did not reach statistical significance.

In seven dogs, inulin changed gut fermentation measures, including short-chain fatty acids.

Responses varied with the amount added to the diet.

A 90-day trial in 24 dogs reported better coat scores with EPA and DHA supplementation.

The study used omega-3 oil capsules.

In 24 dogs, a colostrum-supplemented diet was associated with higher vaccine antibody responses and gut IgA.

These were immune markers measured over a 40-week feeding period.

In seven dogs after fasting, glutamine changed antioxidant metabolism in the gut lining.

The experiment measured glutathione kinetics, rather than stool quality.

Glutamine supplementation was associated with lower markers of gut permeability during running in the heat.

The population was human runners.

A licorice and herb blend was associated with lower colon injury scores.

Dogs received the blend alongside anti-inflammatory drugs; the study did not isolate licorice.

Licorice and slippery elm changed bacteria and fermentation patterns in human gut microbe cultures.

This was a laboratory experiment.

The review describes zinc’s roles in enzymes, skin, and immune function.

It reviews nutritional requirements and zinc status, rather than testing a supplement.

The review summarizes selenium’s roles in normal metabolism and how selenium status is measured in dogs.

It is a review of existing research.

Researchers compared how dogs and cats absorbed, stored, and excreted different selenium forms.

The study used high dietary selenium levels to examine metabolism.

In 32 older dogs, vitamin E levels and dietary fatty acid ratios affected some immune-cell measures.

The study varied both nutrients in the diet.

In 90 dogs, a three-strain probiotic mixture changed gut bacteria and several immune markers.

The tested strains differ from the strains in this blend.

K9-1 and K9-2 cultures changed the abundance of selected intestinal bacteria in weanling piglets.

The study examined selected strains in pigs.

In 25 dogs, S. boulardii was associated with changes in fecal calprotectin, IgA, and cortisol.

Stool scores and overall gut microbial composition did not differ significantly.

In 12 dogs undergoing a diet change, a yeast cell wall fraction showed a tendency toward lower fecal calprotectin.

Most measured stool and gut outcomes did not differ significantly.

Yeast cell walls changed some digestibility measures and fecal bacterial counts across dietary doses.

The study tested several inclusion levels in food.

In seven dogs, inulin changed gut fermentation measures, including short-chain fatty acids.

Responses varied with the amount added to the diet.

Psyllium supplementation was associated with higher fecal short-chain fatty acids after 15 days.

The study measured products of gut fermentation.

In 17 healthy dogs, psyllium supplementation produced small changes in selected gut bacteria.

The overall microbial community showed few changes.

Licorice and slippery elm changed bacteria and fermentation patterns in human gut microbe cultures.

This was a laboratory experiment.

A blend containing slippery elm was associated with better digestive symptoms and gut barrier measures.

The study had no placebo group and could not isolate slippery elm’s contribution.

Processed butternut pumpkin fiber changed bacteria and fermentation in a model of the human colon.

The tested preparation differs from whole pumpkin powder.

In 90 dogs, a three-strain probiotic mixture changed gut bacteria and several immune markers.

The tested strains differ from the strains in this blend.

In 25 dogs, S. boulardii was associated with changes in fecal calprotectin, IgA, and cortisol.

Stool scores and overall gut microbial composition did not differ significantly.

A Lactobacillus fermentation product changed some gut, immune, and antioxidant measures in adult dogs.

The paper provides context for the postbiotic category and tests a different ingredient.

Owners of 18 dogs reported lower storm-response scores during L-theanine supplementation.

The study had no placebo group.

In 30 adults, L-theanine was associated with changes in reported stress and sleep measures.

The study used 200 mg daily for four weeks.

Four Shih Tzus showed changes in activity and urinary cortisol after oral GABA.

The sample was small and did not include a placebo-controlled group.

Oral GABA was associated with changes in brain-wave patterns and salivary IgA during stress tasks.

The studies involved small groups of human volunteers.

A three-ingredient blend was associated with lower stress scores during fireworks in 44 dogs.

The blend contained tryptophan, valerian, and passionflower; individual effects cannot be separated.

A higher-tryptophan diet raised blood tryptophan in dogs over eight weeks.

Behavioral scores did not differ from the control diet.

Older adults taking chamomile extract reported better sleep quality than the control group.

The study tested an extract in people, rather than chamomile powder in dogs.

A three-ingredient blend was associated with lower stress scores during fireworks in 44 dogs.

The blend contained tryptophan, valerian, and passionflower; individual effects cannot be separated.

In 41 adults, passionflower tea was associated with better self-reported sleep quality.

The study examined tea in people.

A three-ingredient blend was associated with lower stress scores during fireworks in 44 dogs.

The blend contained tryptophan, valerian, and passionflower; individual effects cannot be separated.

Adults taking valerian reported less pressure during a mental stress task and showed changes in heart-rate response.

The study tested valerian in people.

In 20 older dogs, ashwagandha extract was associated with lower cortisol and changes in antioxidant markers.

The study examined a root extract over 60 days.

Adults taking ashwagandha extract reported lower stress scores and had lower cortisol levels.

The study tested 250 mg or 600 mg daily over eight weeks.

Blood magnesium levels varied with season, training stage, and exercise in dogs.

The study observed magnesium status and did not test supplementation.

Adults with low magnesium reported lower stress scores with magnesium, with or without B6.

Adding B6 showed no overall advantage; a benefit appeared in the subgroup with the highest stress scores.

Researchers measured blood vitamin levels after dogs received diets with specified vitamin amounts.

The study examined vitamin status and did not assess calming behavior.

Adults with low magnesium reported lower stress scores with magnesium, with or without B6.

Adding B6 showed no overall advantage; a benefit appeared in the subgroup with the highest stress scores.

In 90 dogs, a three-strain probiotic mixture changed gut bacteria and several immune markers.

The tested strains differ from the strains in this blend.

A probiotic and postbiotic combination was associated with changes in bacteria found on skin and in the gut.

The study used a different combination and measured microbiome composition.

In 30 dogs, an immune-health postbiotic was associated with lower itch scores and better skin and coat scores over 28 days.

The ingredient supplier funded the study.

Diets containing DHA-rich microalgae were associated with changes in digestibility and immune-cell measures.

The study tested microalgae in food.

In 24 dogs, a colostrum-supplemented diet was associated with higher vaccine antibody responses and gut IgA.

These were immune markers measured over a 40-week feeding period.

Researchers measured how quercetin and its related forms were absorbed and metabolized in nine dogs.

The study measured absorption, rather than skin or immune benefits.

Quercetin was associated with lower oxidative stress and inflammatory signals in stimulated canine immune cells.

The work was done in cell cultures.

In 30 dogs, a spirulina-supplemented diet was associated with higher vaccine antibody responses and gut IgA.

The study measured immune markers and gut microbial stability.

A specific B. animalis subsp. lactis strain changed fecal fermentation measures in 36 dogs.

Body weight and blood glucose responses did not differ between groups; live and heat-treated forms were tested.

Dogs given a blend containing L. gasseri showed changes in body composition and gut microbes.

The pilot tested a particular strain in a synbiotic combination.

Live P. acidilactici GLP06 changed gut microbes, fermentation products, and antioxidant markers in 24 beagles.

The study tested a live culture, while Metabolic Care contains a postbiotic.

Heat-inactivated P. acidilactici affected glucose and body-weight measures in mice on a high-fat diet.

The study tested a specific strain in mice.

A blend containing acacia changed gut bacterial composition and fermentation measures in 36 dogs.

Stool scores stayed in the healthy range in both groups; several prebiotics and postbiotics were combined.

Acacia fiber fermented in cultures of canine gut microbes, producing short-chain fatty acids and changes in bacteria.

This was a laboratory fermentation model.

Chia flour affected stool moisture, fermentation products, and intestinal structure in rats.

The study tested chia as part of controlled diets.

Adults reported greater fullness and ate less at lunch after yogurt containing chia.

The study used 7 g or 14 g of chia in people.

Labradors given L-carnitine during exercise programs showed changes in lean mass and muscle-recovery markers.

The studies tested 250 mg daily with controlled diets and exercise.

Labradors given L-carnitine showed changes in muscle protein turnover and energy use during exercise.

The study used 125 mg daily and measured exercise-related metabolism.

In 12 adults, a standardized bean extract was associated with smaller post-meal glucose and insulin rises.

The study tested 100 mg of a specific extract in people.

Chitosan oligosaccharides changed immune markers, antioxidant activity, and gut microbes in beagles.

Oligosaccharides are a related form of chitosan.

Different molecular-weight forms of chitosan affected blood lipids and fat-metabolism pathways in rats.

The study used high-fat diets in rats.