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Cheese is a concentrated source of protein, calcium, and fat. In small amounts, it provides nutrients that support bone health, muscle function, and energy. Its strong smell and rich flavor make it one of the highest-value rewards in dog training — most dogs will do just about anything for a small cube.
Key nutrients in cheese: protein (supports muscle maintenance), calcium (supports bone and dental health), vitamin A (supports eye health and immune function), and B-complex vitamins (support energy metabolism).
The biggest concern with cheese and dogs is lactose intolerance. Like many adult mammals, a significant percentage of dogs produce less lactase — the enzyme that breaks down lactose (milk sugar) — as they age. Without enough lactase, undigested lactose ferments in the gut, producing gas, bloating, and diarrhea.
Lower-lactose cheeses (better for dogs): cheddar, Swiss, Parmesan, Gouda, and aged mozzarella. These hard and semi-hard cheeses typically contain less than 1 gram of lactose per ounce.
Higher-lactose cheeses (more likely to cause issues): fresh mozzarella, ricotta, cottage cheese, and cream cheese. These softer, less-aged varieties retain more lactose.
If your dog has never had cheese before, start with a small piece of aged cheddar and watch for digestive changes over the next 12–24 hours.
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Blue cheese (Roquefort, Gorgonzola, Stilton) — Contains roquefortine C, a mycotoxin that can cause vomiting, diarrhea, tremors, and in severe cases, seizures. Avoid entirely.
Cheese with added ingredients — Herb-crusted cheeses, pepper jack, and cheeses seasoned with garlic, chives, or onion are off-limits. Garlic and onions are toxic to dogs in all forms.
Cheese spreads and processed cheese products — Often contain excessive sodium, additives, and sometimes xylitol (an artificial sweetener that is extremely toxic to dogs). Always read labels.
High-fat cheeses — Brie, Camembert, and triple-cream cheeses can trigger pancreatitis in susceptible dogs. Dogs with a history of pancreatitis should avoid cheese entirely.
Cheese should make up no more than 10% of your dog's daily caloric intake. Practical portions: small dogs (under 20 lbs) — up to ½ oz; medium dogs (20–50 lbs) — up to 1 oz; large dogs (50+ lbs) — 1–2 oz max. These are maximums, not daily recommendations. Cheese works best as an occasional high-value training treat.
Cheese introduces fat, protein, and lactose to your dog's digestive system. Dogs with a robust, well-balanced gut microbiome handle these without issue. For dogs with an already-stressed digestive system, cheese can tip the balance.
If your dog tends toward digestive sensitivity, supporting the gut microbiome with a daily probiotic sachet like Plentum's Advanced K9 Microbiome Care builds the resilience needed to handle occasional treats like cheese more comfortably. Rated 5★ by 5,185+ dog parents. Learn more about supporting your dog's gut health.
Aged, lower-lactose varieties like cheddar, Swiss, and Parmesan are the safest. They contain minimal lactose and are firm enough to cut into training-sized pieces. Avoid blue cheese, flavored cheeses with garlic or onion, and high-fat soft cheeses.
Yes, especially in dogs with lactose intolerance. If your dog gets diarrhea after eating cheese, try a smaller amount of an aged variety which has less lactose. If the issue persists, your dog may not tolerate dairy well.
Cheese is one of the most effective training treats due to its strong smell and high palatability. Cut it into pea-sized pieces and ensure total cheese consumed stays within the 10% daily calorie guideline.
Puppies can eat small amounts of cheese, but their digestive systems are still developing. Start with a very small piece and monitor for digestive upset. Puppies under 12 weeks should stick to their regular food.
Signs include gas, bloating, loose stools, and diarrhea after dairy. These typically appear within a few hours of eating cheese. Try a small piece of aged cheddar (very little lactose) and observe for 24 hours.
This article is for educational purposes only and does not replace professional veterinary advice. If your dog has eaten a harmful type of cheese or shows signs of illness, contact your veterinarian.
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